Search results for "Heart metabolism"

Mitochondrial Function in the Kidney and Heart, but Not the Brain, is Mainly Altered in an Experimental Model of Endotoxaemia

2019

Significant impairments in mitochondrial function are associated with the development of multi-organ failure in sepsis/endotoxaemia, but the data on the dynamics of simultaneous mitochondrial impairment in multiple organs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in heart, brain and kidney mitochondrial function in an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia.Samples were collected 4 and 24 h after single injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) in mice. Marked increases in inflammation-related gene expression were observed in all studied tissues 4 h after LPS administration. At 24 h post LPS administration, this expression of inflammation-related genes rem…

Fatty acid oxidation and related gene expression in heart depleted of carnitine by mildronate treatment in the rat.

2004

The metabolic and genic effects induced by a 20-fold lowering of carnitine content in the heart were studied in mildronate-treated rats. In the perfused heart, the proportion of palmitate taken up then oxidized was 5-10% lower, while the triacylglycerol (TAG) formation was 100% greater than in controls. The treatment was shown to increase the maximal capacity of heart homogenates to oxidize palmitate, the mRNA level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) isoforms, the specific activity of CPT-I in subsarcolemmal mitochondria and the total carnitine content of isolated mitochondria. Concomitantly, the increased mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid translocase and enzymes of…

First Evidence for a Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial and NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Nitroglycerin-Triggered Vascular Dysfunction

2008

Chronic nitroglycerin treatment results in development of nitrate tolerance associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED). We sought to clarify how mitochondria- and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to nitrate tolerance and nitroglycerin-induced ED. Nitrate tolerance was induced by nitroglycerin infusion in male Wistar rats (100 microg/h/4 day) and in C57/Bl6, p47(phox/) and gp91(phox/) mice (50 microg/h/4 day). Protein and mRNA expression of Nox subunits were unaltered by chronic nitroglycerin treatment. Oxidative stress was determined in vascular rings and mitochondrial fractions of nitroglycerin-treated animals by L-012 enhanced chemiluminescence, revea…

Mitochondrial oxidative stress and nitrate tolerance – comparison of nitroglycerin and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate in Mn-SOD+/- mice

2006

Abstract Background Chronic therapy with nitroglycerin (GTN) results in a rapid development of nitrate tolerance which is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). According to recent studies, mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative inactivation of the organic nitrate bioactivating enzyme mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) play an important role for the development of nitrate and cross-tolerance. Methods Tolerance was induced by infusion of wild type (WT) and heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase mice (Mn-SOD+/-) with ethanolic solution of GTN (12.5 μg/min/kg for 4 d). For comparison, the tolerance-free pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN, 1…

10-Oximeguanacone, the First Nitrogenated Acetogenin Derivative Found To Be a Potent Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Complex I

1998

A new 10-keto bis-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, guanacone (1), has been isolated from a cytotoxic extract of Annona aff. spraguei seeds. The 10-oximeguanacone derivative 1f is the first bioactive nitrogenated acetogenin found to be a very potent inhibitor of complex I. In addition, a SAR study of guanacone analogues is reported based on the titration of the NADH oxidase and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activities.

alpha-Tocopherol, MDA-HNE and 8-OHdG levels in liver and heart mitochondria of adriamycin-treated rats fed with alcohol-free beer.

2008

Different studies indicate that oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage are key factors in different pathogenic process. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of alcohol-free beer on adriamycin-induced (ADR) heart and liver toxicity using biomarkers of oxidative stress. This effect was compared with the effect of alcohol beer intake and with a control group. Rats were randomly divided into six groups. The first group received no adriamycin, was fed with water and was regarded as the control group; the second group was injected with a ADR (two cycles of 5mg/kg); the third and fourth groups were fed with alcohol-free and beer for 21 days, respectively and the…

2018

The influence of physical activity on brain and heart activity dependent on type and intensity of exercise is meanwhile widely accepted. Mainly cyclic exercises with longer duration formed the basis for showing the influence on either central nervous system or on heart metabolism. Effects of the variability of movement sequences on brain and heart have been studied only sparsely so far. This study investigated effects of three different motor learning approaches combined with a single bout of rope skipping exercises on the spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activity, heart rate variability (HRV) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Participants performed repetitive learnin…